مستخدم:KoveytBud/ملعب2

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة
اللغة اسم اللغة باللعة عينها إيزو 639-3 عدد المتحدثين [1] حالة الحفظ [1] التوزيع أو التمركز الجغرافي
لغة فرنسية Français

s

fra 62.900.000 في فرنسا فقط

229.582.200 حول العالم

اللغة الرسميَّة الوحيدة في فرنسا حسب الدستور الفرنسي. تنتشر في جميع أنحاء فرنسا تقريبًا إمَّا نُطقًا أو كتابةً.
لغات گالو-رومنسية
لغات أويلية (بالفرنسية: {{{1}}})‏
لغة برگونيية Bregognon-morvandiau 50.000 (1998) في شرق فرنسا
لغة چامپانيائية champaignat
لغة لوغِنية (غالبًا ما يُشار إليها باللهجة المُبتذلة) Lorrain 
لغة پيكاغديَّة Picard

chti 

chtimi 

rouchi 

pcd 700.000 (2008) في شمال فرنسا
لغة والونيَّة wallon wln 600.000 (2007)
لغة نورمانديَّة normaund nrf 100.000 (2010) في شمال غرب فرنسا
لغة گالويَّة galo 200.000 (2008) في غرب فرنسا
لغة بغشونيَّة Berrichon  في جنوب فرنسا
لغة فغنك-كومتويَّة frainc-comtou في جنوب شرق فرنسا
لغة پواتڤينيَّة-سانتوگيسيَّة poetevin-séntunjhaes في جنوب غرب فرنسا
لغات أوتيسيتانيَّة
لغة أوتسيتانيَّة Occitan 

lenga d'òc

oci 100.000 - 800.000 (2007-2012) في جنوب فرنسا
لغة كتلونيَّة català cat 4.000.000 (2012) في غرب فرنسا
لغة آرپيتانيَّة patouès

arpetan

frp 70.000 في فرنسا (1971)

140.000 ككل (1998-2007)

شرق-وسط فرنسا
لغات گالو-إيتاليكيَّة
لغة ليگوريَّة ligure 

Zeneize

lij 500.000 (2002) في جنوب شرق فرنسا
لغات رومانسية وُسطى
لغة كورتسيَّة Corsu cos 200.000 (1993-2009) في جزر كورسيكا
لغات ڤاسكونيَّة
لغة باسكيَّة euskara baq

eus

720.000 (2012) في جنوب غرب فرنسا

لغات يُتحدَّث بها ما وراء البحار:

  • لغات أمرديانية في گويانا الفرنسية.
  • كريولات فرنسيَّة في الأنتيل الفرنسية، ولا غيونيون، وگويانا الفرنسية.
    • الهولندية والإنگليزية في سانت مارت
  • لغات أسترونيزية متعددة في كل من كاليدونيا الجديدة، وواليس وفوتونا، وپولونيزيا الفرنسية، ومايوت

لغات الإشارة:

لغة الإشارة الفرنسية

لغات المهاجرين

  • الأمازيغية
  • العربيَّة الدارجة
  • الإيطالية
  • البرتغالية
  • الإنگليزية
  • البولندية
  • التركية
  • الڤييتنامية
  • الألمانية واللهجات الألمانية


Statistics[عدل]

At the 1999 census, INSEE sampled 380,000 adult people all across Metropolitan France, and asked them questions about their family situation. One of the questions was about the languages that their parents spoke with them before the age of 5. This is the first time serious statistics were computed about the proportion of mother tongues in France. The results were published in Enquête familiale, Insee, 1999.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Here is a list of the nine most prominent mother tongues in France based on Enquête familiale.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Rank Language Mother tongue Percentage of adult population
1 French 39,360,000 86%
(note that this figure is an underestimate because people under 18 years of age were not surveyed; see note #2 below the table)
2 German dialects
(Alsatian, Lorraine Franconian, etc.)
970,000
(of whom Alsatian: 660,000;
standard German: 210,000;
Lorraine Franconian: 100,000)
2.12%
(of whom Alsatian: 1.44%;
standard German: 0.46%;
Lorraine Franconian: 0.22%)
3 Maghrebi Arabic 940,000 2.05%
4 Occitan language
(Languedocian, Gascon, Provençal, etc.)
610,000
(another 1,060,000 had some exposure)
1.33%
(another 2.32% had some exposure, see notes)
5 Portuguese 580,000 1.27%
6 Oïl languages
(Picard, Gallo, Poitevin, Saintongeais, etc.)
570,000
(another 850,000 had some exposure)
1.25%
(another 1.86% had some exposure, see notes)
7 Italian, Corsican and Ligurian (Monegasque) 540,000 1.19%
8 Spanish 485,000 1.06%
9 Breton 280,000
(another 405,000 had some exposure)
0.61%
(another 0.87% had some exposure, see notes)
10 About 400 other languages
(Polish, Berber languages, East Asian languages, Catalan, Franco-Provençal, Corsican, Basque, West Flemish, etc.)
as well as those who gave no response
2,350,000
(of whom English: 115,000)
5.12%
(of whom English: 0.25% of total adult population)
Total 45,762,000
(46,680,000 including those with two mother tongues who were counted twice)
102%
(2% of people have both French and another language as their mother tongue, thus, they are counted twice)

If we add up people with mother tongue and people with some exposure to the language before the age of 5 (see note #3 below), then the five most important languages in metropolitan France are (note that the percentages add up to more than 100, because many people are now counted twice):

  • French: 42,100,000 (92%)
  • Occitan: 1,670,000 (3.65%)
  • German and German dialects: 1,440,000 (3.15%)
  • Oïl languages (excl. French): 1,420,000 (3.10%)
  • Arabic: 1,170,000 (2.55%)

Notes on the table[عدل]

  1. The data in the table are about mother tongues, and not about actual language practice. It states that 14% of the adult people living in France in 1999 were born and raised up to the age of 5 in families that spoke only (or predominantly) some other languages than French. It does not mean that 14% of adult people in France spoke some other languages than French in 1999.
  2. Only adults (i.e. 18 years and older) were surveyed. This means that French people born between 1981 and 1999 are not included in the survey. The mother tongue of the younger generations is more predominantly French than is the case with the older generations, because as the Enquête familiale survey explains, regional and immigrant language transmission decreases dramatically with each new generation, as French replaces the regional and immigrant languages. In the Enquête familiale survey, only 35% of parents whose mother tongue was a regional or immigrant language reported they spoke that language to their children. Thus, the 86% figure of people with French as their mother tongue is an underestimate because the younger generations whose predominant mother tongue is French are not counted.
  3. The concept of "mother tongue" may not give a complete idea of the phenomenon of minority languages in France. This is because there are many people who were born and raised in families in which parents spoke to them only (or predominantly) French, but in which some regional or immigration languages were also occasionally used. One example: while the data tell us that 610,000 adults in 1999 had one of the Occitan dialects as their mother tongue, the survey also found out that another 1,060,000 adults were born and raised in families in which one of the Occitan dialects was occasionally spoken. Some of these 1,060,000 people may speak Occitan as fluently as the 610,000 people who have it as a mother tongue, while some other (the majority, probably) have only a limited knowledge of Occitan. We cannot infer from this that 1,670,000 adults are speakers of Occitan, but it may be the case that the total number of people with some form of exposure to Occitan is higher than the 610,000 figure, though some of this number may have abandoned the language since then.
  1. ^ أ ب Cardona، George؛ Jain، Dhanesh، المحررون (11 سبتمبر 2003). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge Language Family Series. Routledge. ص. 500. ...the number of speakers of Bihari languages are difficult to indicate because of unreliable sources. In the urban region most educated speakers of the language name Hindi as their language because this is what they use in formal contexts and believe it to be the appropriate response because of lack of awareness. The uneducated and the urban population of the region return Hindi as the generic name for their language.