مستخدم:محمد 19951/ملعب13

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة
25 May 2012: SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft (pictured) becomes the first commercial spacecraft to rendezvous with the International Space Station.

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Events, discoveries and inventions[عدل]

January[عدل]

1 January 2012: NASA's twin GRAIL satellites (artist's impression shown) begin studying the Moon's gravitational field.
4 January 2012: scientists create genetically engineered silkworms capable of producing bulk quantities of steel-strong spidersilk.
11 January 2012: astronomers report that nearly every star in the Milky Way galaxy may host exoplanets (artist's impression of Upsilon Andromedae d pictured).
  • 9 January
  • 10 January
  • 11 January
  • 12 January
12 January 2012: Paedophryne amauensis, the world's smallest known vertebrate, is formally described.
  • 13 January
  • 18 January
  • 19 January
  • 22 January
23 January 2012: stem cell therapy is successfully used to ease the symptoms of blindness in human volunteers (human embryonic stem cell shown).
  • 23 January
  • 24 January
  • 25 January
27 January 2012: the most detailed 3D image of the Amazon rainforest yet produced is published.
  • 27 January
  • 30 January
31 January 2012: American scientists demonstrate a method of decoding human thoughts by studying the superior temporal gyrus (indicated).
  • 31 January

February[عدل]

3 February 2012: the Very Large Telescope array enters operation in northern Chile.
  • 2 February
  • 3 February
4 February 2012: Dutch doctors successfully fit the first artificial jaw made with a 3D printer (ORDbot Quantum 3D printer pictured).
  • 6 February
  • 7 February
  • 13 February
15 February 2012: Nevada becomes the first US state to release official regulations for the public testing of autonomous cars (prototype autonomous Audi pictured).
  • 22 February
  • 26 February
  • 27 February
  • 28 February

March[عدل]

7 March 2012: scientists sequence the genome of the western gorilla.
  • 2 March
  • 7 March
  • 8 March
  • 12 March
  • 13 March
15 March 2012: scientists send the first coherent message using neutrinos (first recorded neutrino event pictured).
  • 14 March
  • 18 March
  • 19 March
19 March 2012: researchers report that the number of solar panels in the United States more than doubled between 2010 and 2011.
  • 20 March
  • 25 March
  • 29 March

April[عدل]

5 April 2012: the Large Hadron Collider completes a landmark energy upgrade.
  • 4 April
  • 5 April
  • 12 April
12 April 2012: German scientists create the world's first quantum computing network using entangled rubidium atoms (rubidium sample shown).
  • 13 April
19 April 2012: international researchers develop synthetic DNA compounds.
  • 19 April
  • 20 April
  • 26 April
  • 27 April

May[عدل]

6 May 2012: scientists develop a drug capable of preventing the breakdown of cerebral protein production, potentially offering a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease (cerebral plaques pictured).
  • 1 May
  • 11 May
20 May 2012: an annular solar eclipse occurs (eclipse photograph from Wolfforth, Texas, shown).
  • 14 May
  • 15 May
  • 16 May
25 May 2012: SpaceX's Dragon becomes the first commercial spacecraft to dock with the International Space Station.
  • 25 May
  • 29 May
  • 30 May
30 May 2012: the tomato genome is fully sequenced by international researchers.
  • 31 May

June[عدل]

  • 1 June
  • 5 June
5–6 June 2012: a transit of Venus, the last such event until 2117, occurs (transit image from Minneapolis shown).
  • 6 June
  • 7 June
  • 8 June
13 June 2012: scientists publish the complete genome of the bonobo (female pictured).
  • 10 June
  • 11 June
  • 12 June
  • 13 June
  • 14 June
  • 15 June
  • 16 June
  • 20 June
  • 21 June
  • 24 June
  • 27 June
29 June 2012: scientists develop an fMRI brain scanner which allows paralyzed people to communicate using thought alone (fMRI images shown).
  • 29 June

July[عدل]

  • 2 July
  • 3 July
  • 4 July
4 July 2012: CERN scientists report the discovery of a particle with significant similarities to the Higgs boson (Higgs collision signature shown).
  • 6 July
  • 9 July
  • 10 July
  • 11 July
  • 19 July
  • 20 July
15 July 2012: the parasitic disease Dracunculiasis (extraction of a causative guinea worm pictured) is reportedly close to being eradicated.
  • 23 July
  • 25 July
  • 26 July
  • 27 July

August[عدل]

6 August 2012: NASA's Curiosity rover, the largest such spacecraft yet launched, successfully lands on Mars (artist's impression pictured).
  • 2 August
  • 3 August
  • 6 August
  • 8 August
  • 11 August
14 August 2012: Boeing's X-51 hypersonic scramjet prototype (pictured in launch configuration) is destroyed following a test flight malfunction.
  • 13 August
  • 14 August
  • 16 August
  • 17 August
21 August 2012: a study of major coastal cities asserts that Shanghai (skyline pictured) may be highly vulnerable to large-scale flooding in the near future.

September[عدل]

  • 1 September
5 September 2012: the most detailed analysis of the human genome yet produced is published.
  • 4 September
  • 5 September
  • 6 September
  • 7 September
12 September 2012: the monkey species Cercopithecus lomamiensis is formally described.
  • 10 September
  • 12 September
  • 13 September
  • 14 September
17 September 2012: after nine months studying the Moon's gravitational field, NASA's GRAIL satellites report that the lunar crust is much thinner than previously estimated.
  • 17 September
  • 18 September
  • 19 September
19 September 2012: sea ice cover in the Arctic reaches the lowest extent ever recorded.
  • 20 September
  • 23 September
  • 24 September
  • 25 September
  • 27 September

October[عدل]

3 October 2012: scientists discover that the black mamba (pictured), best known for its lethal venom, also produces a highly effective painkiller.
  • 3 October
  • 4 October
  • 5 October
  • 8 October
8–10 October 2012: the year's Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry and medicine (medal pictured) are awarded.
  • 9 October
  • 10 October
  • 11 October
  • 14 October
17 October 2012: scientists discover a new exoplanet (artist's impression pictured) orbiting Earth's nearest alien star, Alpha Centauri.
  • 15 October
  • 17 October
  • 18 October
22 October 2012: a Da Vinci surgical robot (pictured) is used to perform the UK's first robot-assisted open-heart surgery.
  • 22 October
  • 24 October
  • 26 October
  • 28 October
  • 30 October

November[عدل]

6 November 2012: scientists report that regular leisure-time exercise can extend human life expectancy by over 4 years.
  • 1 November
  • 5 November
  • 6 November
  • 7 November
  • 8 November
  • 9 November
  • 12 November
  • 13 November
  • 14 November
  • 15 November
  • 16 November
  • 19 November
21 November 2012: in a breakthrough for quantum cryptography, scientists send encoded quantum signals using a standard commercial fiber optic, potentially allowing near-unbreakable quantum data security to be commercialised.
  • 20 November
  • 21 November
  • 23 November
  • 25 November
26 November 2012: a liquid natural gas tanker (example pictured) becomes the first large cargo vessel to attempt a winter crossing of the Arctic. As the Arctic sea ice melts in coming years, the sea route may become increasingly viable for large ships.
  • 26 November
  • 27 November
  • 28 November
29 November 2012: NASA reports the discovery of water ice on the surface of Mercury (pictured).
  • 29 November
  • 30 November

December[عدل]

  • 2 December
  • 4 December
5 December 2012: scientists implant the first deep brain stimulation device (X-ray image pictured) to be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the United States.
  • 5 December
  • 6 December
  • 7 December
  • 10 December
  • 11 December
  • 12 December
  • 13 December
  • 17 December
  • 19 December
  • 21 December
24 December 2012: British medical researchers discover two genes that are thought to greatly increase the risk of bowel cancer (carcinoid pictured).

Prizes[عدل]

Abel Prize[عدل]

Fundamental Physics Prize[عدل]

Kyoto Prize[عدل]

Nobel Prize[عدل]

Deaths[عدل]

Sources: The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph

10 March 2012: Frank Sherwood Rowland, a Nobel Prize-winning American chemist, dies aged 84.
23 July 2012: Sally Ride, the first American woman in space, dies aged 61.
25 August 2012: Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the Moon, dies aged 82.
17 October 2012: Stanford Ovshinsky, a prolific American inventor and physicist, dies aged 89.
9 December 2012: Sir Patrick Moore, a prominent British astronomer and science popularizer, dies aged 89.
30 December 2012: Rita Levi-Montalcini, a Nobel Prize-winning Italian neurologist, dies aged 103.

January[عدل]

February[عدل]

March[عدل]

April[عدل]

May[عدل]

  • 12 May

June[عدل]

  • 7 June

July[عدل]

August[عدل]

September[عدل]

October[عدل]

  • 20 October

November[عدل]

December[عدل]

  • 9 December
  • 30 December

See also[عدل]

References[عدل]

  1. ^ "U.S. Patent Statistics Chart Calendar Years 1963 – 2012". USPTO. 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-04-12.
  2. ^ "Sustainable Energy for All – About". United Nations. 4 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-09-24.
  3. ^ "2012: THE ALAN TURING YEAR". اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-09-04.
  4. ^ "NASA's Twin Grail Spacecraft Reunite in Lunar Orbit". BBC. 1 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  5. ^ "China launches first 3D TV channel". BBC. 2 يناير 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  6. ^ "Deep brain stimulation shows promising results for unipolar and bipolar depression". MedicalXpress. 2 فبراير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  7. ^ "Old Mice Made "Young"—May Lead to Anti-Aging Treatments". National Geographic. 6 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  8. ^ "Muscle-derived stem/progenitor cell dysfunction limits healthspan and lifespan in a murine progeria model". Nature Communications. ج. 3: 608. 3 يناير 2012. DOI:10.1038/ncomms1611. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  9. ^ "Bee Die-Off: Parasitic Fly Could Explain Phenomenon". AP via Huffington Post. 4 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12. {{استشهاد ويب}}: استعمال الخط المائل أو الغليظ غير مسموح: |publisher= (مساعدة)
  10. ^ "GM silk worms make Spider-Man web closer to reality". BBC. 4 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  11. ^ "Scientists create first 3-D map of human genome". PhysOrg. 4 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  12. ^ "Novel Adenovirus-Based Vaccines Induce Broad and Sustained T Cell Responses to HCV in Man". Science Transitional Medicine. 4 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  13. ^ "Demonstration of temporal cloaking". Nature. ج. 481 ع. 7379: 62–65. 5 يناير 2012. DOI:10.1038/nature10695. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-12.
  14. ^ "US non-lethal weapon 'wish list' revealed on the net". BBC. 4 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-16.
  15. ^ "Former astronaut to lead starship effort". BBC. 5 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-16.
  16. ^ "Generation of Chimeric Rhesus Monkeys". Cell. ج. 148: 285–295. 5 يناير 2012. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.007. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-16.
  17. ^ "Ohm Run: One-Atom-Tall Wires Could Extend Life of Moore's Law". Scientific American. 5 يناير 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-16.
  18. ^ "Electronic Cotton". IEEE Spectrum. يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-02-16.
  19. ^ "Brain function can start declining 'as early as age 45'". BBC. 6 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-03-10.
  20. ^ "Genetically Engineered Bt Corn and Range Expansion of the Western Bean Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the United States: A Response to Greenpeace Germany". Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 1 ديسمبر 2011. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-03-10.
  21. ^ "Determining the natural length of the current interglacial". Nature Geoscience. ج. 5: 138–141. 9 يناير 2012. DOI:10.1038/ngeo1358. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-04-17.
  22. ^ "New CO2 Sucker Could Help Clear the Air". Science. 9 يناير 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-04-17.
  23. ^ Cook، J.-R. C.؛ Agle, D. C.؛ Brown, D. (12 سبتمبر 2013). "NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space". NASA. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-09-14.
  24. ^ Barnes، Brooks (12 سبتمبر 2013). "In a Breathtaking First, NASA Craft Exits the Solar System". The New York Times. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-09-12.
  25. ^ Morin، Monte (12 سبتمبر 2013). "NASA confirms Voyager 1 has left the Solar System". Los Angeles Times.
  26. ^ "Voyager 1 has entered a new region of space, sudden changes in cosmic rays indicate". اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-03-20.
  27. ^ "Report: Humanity Leaves the Solar System — Or Maybe Not". Time. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-03-20.
  28. ^ "Report: NASA Voyager Status Update on Voyager 1 Location". NASA. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-03-20.
  29. ^ Hampson، Robert E؛ Gerhardt, Greg A؛ Marmarelis, Vasilis؛ Song, Dong؛ Opris, Ioan؛ Santos, Lucas؛ Berger, Theodore W؛ Deadwyler, Sam A (1 أكتوبر 2012). "Facilitation and restoration of cognitive function in primate prefrontal cortex by a neuroprosthesis that utilizes minicolumn-specific neural firing". Journal of Neural Engineering. ج. 9 ع. 5: 056012. Bibcode:2012JNEng...9e6012H. DOI:10.1088/1741-2560/9/5/056012. PMC:3505670. PMID:22976769.
  30. ^ "Space Year Review 2012: Launch vehicles - Falcon 9, Delta IV and Soyuz show robustness in mishaps but not so for Safir or Proton". FlightGlobal.com. 3 يناير 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-07.
  31. ^ "UK's Skynet military satellite launched". BBC. 19 ديسمبر 2012. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-12-20.
  32. ^ Cherry، Jonathan D.؛ Frost، Jeffrey L.؛ Lemere، Cynthia A.؛ Williams، Jacqueline P.؛ Olschowka، John A.؛ O'Banion، M. Kerry. "Galactic Cosmic Radiation Leads to Cognitive Impairment and Increased Aβ Plaque Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease". PLOS ONE. ج. 7 ع. 12: e53275. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...753275C. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0053275. PMC:3534034. PMID:23300905. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-07.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)
  33. ^ Staff (1 يناير 2013). "Study Shows that Space Travel is Harmful to the Brain and Could Accelerate Onset of Alzheimer's". SpaceRef. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-07.
  34. ^ Cowing، Keith (3 يناير 2013). "Important Research Results NASA Is Not Talking About (Update)". NASA Watch. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-07.
  35. ^ أ ب "The 2012 Kyoto Prize Laureates". Inamori Foundation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-12-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-03. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |deadurl= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  36. ^ "Roland Moreno obituary". The Guardian. 30 April 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2012.

External links[عدل]

[[Category:2012 in science| ]] [[Category:21st century in science]] [[Category:2010s in science]]

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